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簡単明瞭な世界観 ―アルマイトの栞 vol.216

アメリカの言語人類学者ダニエル・L・エヴァレットは、言語学のフィールドワークを行う目的で、ブラジルのアマゾンに暮らす少数民族ピダハンの集落へ出向いて彼らと共に生活し、そこでの体験の一部始終を綴った著書の邦訳が、みすず書房『ピダハン 〜「言語本能」を超える文化と世界観〜 』なのだが、原著の表題は「DON’T SLEEP, THERE ARE SNAKES」となっており、和訳すると「眠るな、そこにヘビが居る」で、これはピダハンたちが夜の時間帯に仲間へ別れを告げる際に使う言葉なのだそうだから、つまり「お休みなさい」の挨拶だろうけど、「そこにヘビが居るぞ」では、怖くて眠れたものではない。

著者は言語人類学者の研究行為としてピダハンの集落で暮らし始めたはずなのだが、本書を読むほどに、ピダハンの集落で「珍妙な滞在者」扱いをされ続けて困惑ばかりしている著者本人が、申し訳ないけれども、道化に見えてしかたなく、一日も早くピダハン語を習得しようと身振り手振りを交えてピダハンたちから彼らの言葉を教えてもらう中で、著者は「ピダハン語には数がない」「ピダハン語には完了形がない」と知っては驚愕し、そしてピダハン語での会話が出来るようになった頃、著者は新たな驚きに直面するわけで、よせばいいのに「イエス・キリスト」の話なんぞをピダハンたちに語り、彼らから予想外の質問を投げ掛けられる。「で、お前は、いつ、そいつに会ったんだい?」。

「言語人類学」が著者D・L・エヴァレットの専門分野だから、著者の関心はピダハンの言語だけでなく、生活習慣や文化にも向けられ、ピダハンたちの死生観だとか、ピダハン独自の「創世神話」の内容だとかにも興味を抱き、そんな折りにピダハンの集落で村人の一人が亡くなり、著者が埋葬の様子を観察すると、ピダハンたちは遺体を座らせるような姿勢にして掘った穴に埋め、これは、いわゆる「屈葬」の形式だから、そこに存在すると思われる葬送儀礼の宗教的背景を探るべく、著者がピダハンたちに「なぜ座らせた姿勢で埋めるのか」と問うと、彼らはケロッとした顔で答える。「掘る穴が小さくてすむじゃないか」。そして、創世神話なんて大袈裟な昔話は全く存在しない。

研究者が考える複雑な仮説より、事実は至って単純なことが多いのかもしれず、自分が気になるのは「巨石文明」と呼ばれる類についてで、ある時、棚に収まらない大量の本が床積みされた自室の中を、少しでも歩きやすいようにと片付け、それは床積みの本の上に更に本を積む愚かな行為でしかなかったが、ふと気付くと、自分の通り道を作るために高く積み上げた本の山が、「ストーンヘンジ」そっくりになっており、その刹那に、悟った。「ストーンヘンジは、邪魔なデカい石をどけて積んだだけなんじゃないか」。ストーンヘンジを構築した紀元前の人々に「これは夏至の太陽の方角ですよね」と問えば、「偶然じゃね?、あ、そこにヘビが居るぞ」で終わり、学者たちは途方に暮れる。

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mitsfs-wiki.mit.edu | 2025/06/02 03:50
They’re synthetic (human-made) medication that are just like cortisol, a hormone
your body naturally produces. Corticosteroids have an analogous anti-inflammatory impact throughout your physique, but in a method your
supplier can change and adjust to suit your wants. Several preparations of glucocorticoids can be found, every with varying efficacy.
Dexamethasone and betamethasone are long-acting with the highest glucocorticoid efficacy with a
organic half-life of 36 to fifty four hours. Cortisone and
cortisol are short-acting with a biological half-life of beneath 12 hours and are not incessantly used.
Prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, and triamcinolone are intermediate-acting with a organic half-life of 18 to 36 hours.

The glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid effects of every available preparation differ, with cortisol and cortisone having nearly 1 to 1 glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid
effects while all others with virtually no mineralocorticoid
results.
It’s completely regular to be worried or have questions before beginning
any medicine. Don’t be afraid to ask your provider each question that involves mind.
They’ll help you perceive all the benefits,
potential risks and everything else you have to know earlier than you begin a
corticosteroid.
See additionally the separate leaflet called Topical Steroids (excluding Inhaled Steroids).
From sudden injuries to continual conditions, Cleveland Clinic’s orthopaedic providers can guide you through testing,
remedy and past. Many folks find that taking prednisone within the morning may help.
Taking your medication early within the day may help make sure that sense of
extra alertness will dissipate by bedtime.
Steroids make your body slow down the manufacturing of the chemical compounds that
cause irritation. You might be able to keep away from mouth and throat irritation if you gargle and rinse your
mouth with water after every puff on your corticosteroid inhaler.
Some researchers assume that inhaled corticosteroid medication could sluggish growth charges
in youngsters who use them for bronchial asthma. Whereas you're
being handled with prednisone, wouldn't have any immunizations
(vaccines) without your physician's approval. Prednisone
may decrease your body's resistance and the vaccine could not work as properly or you may get the infection the vaccine
is supposed to stop. In addition, you should not be around other individuals
living in your family who receive live virus vaccines because there's a likelihood they might pass the virus
on to you.
The adrenal operate usually recovers by gradual tapering of glucocorticoids.
In some instances, prevention is one of the simplest ways to avoid problems from
a corticosteroid shot. For example, should you take blood
thinner medication, there's an opportunity it
could elevate the risk of bleeding inside a joint handled
by injection. Be sure to let your healthcare provider know about drugs and
different health conditions which will contribute to unwanted effects.
Prednisone is one of the most typical corticosteroid medications round.

Whether Or Not you’ve had a run in with poison ivy otherwise you
reside with inflammatory bowel illness, bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis or a
variety of different conditions, your healthcare supplier is more doubtless
to no less than contemplate prescribing prednisone.
The impairment of development in young children and
delay in puberty generally presents in kids receiving glucocorticoids
for continual diseases like nephrotic syndrome and bronchial asthma.

The immune system is the physique's pure defence in opposition to sickness and an infection. This might help treat autoimmune
conditions, corresponding to rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune
hepatitis or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which are caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking the body.
Topical steroids used for the pores and skin are
available as creams, ointments or lotions.
Corticosteroids are a boon on your health if you’re residing with an overactive immune system,
ache and different considerations. Prednisone could be a game-changer in managing a wide range of conditions.
However like just about any treatment, prednisone
and other steroids can come with unwanted effects — starting from annoying to nearly intolerable.

Due to a quantity of roles played by corticosteroids within the human physique, they see
extensive use in medical practice to deal with various illnesses.

Patients on prednisone may be advised to keep away from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) corresponding to Advil (ibuprofen), Aleve (naproxen), Celebrex (celecoxib), and Indocin (indomethacin).
Injectable steroids are used to alleviate acute pain from low again ache,
arthritis, cervical radiculopathy, bursitis,
tendonitis, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Steroids commonly given via an injection (sometimes referred to as "cortisone shots") include
triamcinolone, methylprednisolone, and betamethasone.

The improvement of cushingoid options (redistribution of physique
fat with truncal weight problems, buffalo hump, and moon face) and weight gain are dose and duration-dependent
and may develop early. Cushingoid options confirmed a linear improve in frequency with dosing.
Glucocorticoid remedy is the most typical cause of Cushing syndrome.
The scientific presentation in the pediatric population is similar to that in adults
and includes truncal obesity, pores and skin modifications,
and hypertension. When prescribed in certain doses, corticosteroids assist cut back irritation. This
can ease symptoms of inflammatory conditions, similar to arthritis, bronchial asthma and pores and skin rashes.

Your physician may want you to have your eyes checked by an ophthalmologist
(eye doctor). Typically a bisphosphonate drug such as Fosamax (alendronate) or ibandronate is prescribed to stop osteoporosis.
Very younger and aged people are extra prone to develop steroid unwanted effects.
For example, cortisone photographs can handle signs for months, and even completely.
Pre Steroid Bodybuilders | 2025/06/02 01:41
Notice that the injection protocols and frequency for the aim of TRT isn't set
in stone, and might all the time be adjusted in accordance
with the patient’s discussion and determination with their physician. Usually instances many docs will settle on an injection frequency with their patients of a as quickly as weekly injection for Testosterone Enanthate or Cypionate, for example.
The general thought right here, nonetheless, is to emphasise the
reality that injection frequency can all the time be adjusted in accordance with
the individual’s wants, and especially following monitoring with blood work.

As Soon As the hormone has released from the injection web site into bloodstream circulation, enzymes, as mentioned many occasions already, will work to break the ester
away from the hormone. It is very important to notice
to the reader that while the hormone remains certain to the
ester, the anabolic steroid hormone is inactive and can't perform any of its jobs until the ester has been removed.

Testosterone Cypionate, though chemically completely different from
Testosterone Enanthate, is taken into account nearly the equivalent.
It too possesses an analogous half-life, though barely longer (approximately
12 days for Testosterone Cypionate and approximately 10 days for Testosterone Enanthate).

There are a quantity of both localized and systemic corticosteroids available.
Most of these drugs are obtainable in oral, topical, and injectable types.
Docs usually prescribe them to deal with situations like bronchial asthma, hives,
or lupus. Facet results can rely upon the type of corticosteroid, corresponding to inhaled or topical.

It can additionally be essential to consider the legal implications of utilizing
steroids. In many nations, the usage of steroids for non-medical functions is in opposition to the law, and individuals found to be in possession of those
substances can face severe authorized penalties. In the Usa,
for example, anabolic steroid use is assessed as a felony, and individuals found to be
in possession of these medication can face up to 5 years in prison.
Cessation of AAS use can restore spermatogenesis, but restoration can take several months
to years (1). Nevertheless, even with medical remedy, a substantial proportion of patients can proceed to have subfertile
semen parameters and finally require assisted copy (3). Betamethasone is the other kind of long-acting corticosteroid par excellence.

They are produced within the adrenal cortex of vertebrates,
however may also be produced synthetically. The artificially
synthesized sort are the ones used as drug treatment in human and veterinary
medication. Despite there being many differing
types, corticosteroids are sometimes referred to simply as steroids.
It is necessary to distinguish between these and different kinds of
steroids such as anabolic steroids. The latter are those that are generally used as performance-enhancing medicine.
Performance-enhancing steroids, also identified as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), are synthetic variations of
the male sex hormone testosterone. They are commonly used by athletes and bodybuilders to enhance muscle mass,
energy, and overall athletic performance.
Moreover, it helps with nutrient distribution and,
in some circumstances, improves insulin sensitivity. I pinned 75mg every
4 days of tren and pinned 300 susta, no pip and everything pins
actually clean. Calories are burning, mixed with gaining
some muscle at the similar time i think in a month
i went from 196lbs to 190lbs whereas nonetheless holding more muscle.
It gave me a nice feeling earlier than bed especially, just heat in the sense of my physique eager to sleep.
Same for the T3, metabolism definitely elevated and I
am very proud of the merchandise of osgear. The results were as anticipated with performance enhanced
in the gym and libido. I was not presently bulking so I purposefully did not enhance in body weight a substantial amount
through the cycle.
Corticosteroids have a broad range of medical makes use of and are prescribed by healthcare professionals
to manage varied inflammatory and autoimmune situations.
In Accordance to the World Health Group, corticosteroids are
essential medicines that can be life-saving when used appropriately.

Nevertheless, misuse or overuse of corticosteroids can lead to serious side effects,
similar to osteoporosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.


They are used to handle many health conditions, but they'll cause antagonistic effects in people who use them long term.
Corticosteroids are medicines that reduce irritation in the physique,
making them effective choices for lowering painful, damaging irritation in joints.
However, corticosteroids can weaken muscular tissues and tendons if injected into these tissues, even resulting in ruptures.


The mode of administration and strength will depend on the specific medical state of affairs.
You could must have your corticosteroid dose slowly lowered consequently.

For example, if you’d been taking 60 milligrams of prednisone for three weeks,
you would possibly slowly lower your dosage by 10 milligrams to 5 milligrams every
day, with the steering of a healthcare professional.
Archer | 2025/06/02 01:15
It’s not just about the features anymore
http://newslabx.csie.ntu.edu.tw | 2025/05/29 01:50
While doctor’s have their own most popular
prescribing habits, a common method of prescribing prednisone for migraine
is starting with 60 mg/day for 2 days, then reducing to forty mg/day
for 2 days after which reducing to twenty mg/day for 2 days.
Via no fault of their own, many people with migraine end up in rebound.
This medication adaptation headache sometimes muddies proper prognosis and remedy.

Importantly, participants didn't self-report modifications in voice, highlighting that these modifications can occur steadily and unnoticed.
A case report masking the transition of a female-to-male transgender receiving 200
mg testosterone enanthate bimonthly described a discount
in mean frequency, and lowering and contraction of pitch vary inside 3–4 months of
therapy (222). Importantly, deepening of the voice
is considered irreversible (88). Although the number of feminine AAS users is significantly smaller than that of their male counterparts (estimated international
lifetime prevalence fee of 1.6% compared with 6.4% for
males (2)), feminine strength athletes use AAS as properly.
These ladies are inclined to perform shorter cycles, favor different AAS
sorts (stanozolol, oxandrolone) and use decrease dosages.
Even much less knowledge than in men describe the effects of
AAS use in girls. One would possibly extrapolate the effects of supraphysiological androgen ranges from males to ladies with regard
to blood pressure, erythrocytosis, lipid profile and cardiac construction.
The increase in hormonal exercise suppresses the immune system, which is answerable for activating inflammation within the body.
By suppressing immune system activity, corticosteroids can reduce
irritation. A few reviews within the literature have linked
AAS use to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (169–171).
FSGS is a histopathological finding marked by glomerular lesions, mediated by
diverse insults directed to, or inherent inside, the podocytes (172).
Herlitz et al. had been the first to present a case
series of 9 patients who developed FSGS after prolonged AAS use (169).
A tenth affected person described of their publication had no
discrete lesions of segmental sclerosis but did have glomerulomegaly.


Specifically, beclomethasone and budesonide might have a larger impact on development in youngsters with
persistent asthma. That stated, the authors of this
evaluation emphasize the necessity for extra analysis.
If your supplier mixes a neighborhood numbing agent with the steroid, you
could really feel aid immediately. Reduction may be quicker if your provider
drains fluid from your joints. Nevertheless, your ache might briefly get worse in case
you have a reaction called a steroid flare. In this
case, rest and ice on the spot where you had the injection can help.
The most typical cause is that the provider blended an anesthetic medicine
(such as lidocaine or marcaine) with a steroid.
One means of understanding the power of various steroid preparations is to note that ‘moderate’ is twice as
potent as hydrocortisone 1%
https://wikis.ece.iastate.edu/ | 2025/05/29 01:36
This can help to forestall further damage to the body and enhance
total health and well-being for patients. They're man-made versions
of testosterone, a male intercourse hormone that helps construct bigger muscles.
A doctor can legally prescribe them if your physique doesn't make enough testosterone.

Injections may be useful in treating conditions like arthritis, tendinitis or
bursitis. Corticosteroids are a different category of steroids used
for medical functions. These creams, drugs, injections or inhalants have anti-inflammatory and immune suppression properties.

Steroids quickly cut back inflammation and an overactive immune response.
They're different from anabolic steroids, which are often used illegally by some people to extend their muscle mass.

Steroid injections can be utilized for joint problems and rheumatoid arthritis.

They may also be used for some situations affecting gentle tissues, like tendon irritation or tennis elbow.
They can generally be given on the GP apply, if there's a doctor,
nurse or physio there who has had special training to do that.
In more difficult situations they could be given in a hospital, using
ultrasound steering. For more information see the separate
leaflet referred to as Steroid Injections.
Prednisone could enhance your danger of harmful
results from a stay vaccine. Stay vaccines embrace measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), rotavirus,
yellow fever, varicella (chickenpox), one kind of the typhoid vaccine and nasal flu (influenza) vaccine.
Your doctor may change your dose to be certain to get one of the best
results.
This is not a complete record of side effects and others may occur.
Put On a medical alert tag or carry an ID card stating that you just take
prednisone. Any medical care provider who treats you
must know that you are utilizing a steroid.
This could be harmful for an athlete as their damage might worsen by persevering with to carry out.

You must also keep away from close contact with children who've had the flu vaccine nasal spray if your immune system is severely
weakened. Keep Away From close contact with
folks who’ve lately had live vaccines taken by mouth (oral vaccines) such as
oral polio or the typhoid vaccine. We have more details about unwanted effects and tips on how to deal with them.
You might need liver adjustments which are usually delicate and unlikely to
cause signs. If you have epilepsy this could become worse when taking steroids.

You might have a burning or tingling sensation around your backside during a steroid injection into
a vein (intravenous).
Corticosteroids are powerful anti-inflammatory drugs that mimic our naturally occurring
hormone cortisol. These medicine are available in oral,
topical, and injectable types, and have advantages for all kinds
of well being situations. Given the risks and authorized implications of steroid use, it
is important to discover different treatment options. For instance, physical remedy, way
of life modifications, and different drugs could be effective in managing inflammatory conditions with out
the use of steroids. In addition, pure supplements and dietary adjustments can help to address hormone deficiencies and improve total well being and well-being.

A doctor will prescribe corticosteroids to both improve the action of those hormones above a traditional degree or
return it to a normal degree. Glucocorticoid corticosteroids are used
to treat systemic lupus, extreme psoriasis, leukemia, lymphomas,
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
These corticosteroids are also used to suppress the immune system and
forestall rejection in individuals who have undergone organ transplant as properly as many different circumstances.
It can set off mood swings, fatigue, restlessness,
achy muscles, and despair.
Primobolan has long been popular amongst
athletes as a result of it could construct strength with out muscle
bulk or many of the negative unwanted effects of different steroids.
"Stacking" refers to the usage of a quantity of different varieties of steroids on the
identical time. "Pyramiding," in the meantime, refers
to the practice of slowly growing the quantity, dose, or frequency of steroids
to reach a sure peak, after which the amount and frequency are gradually
tapered down. You ought to have regular appointments with your healthcare supplier when taking an anabolic steroid to evaluate how well it’s working.
This means the steroid may affect how they work, both ensuing within the different medication being ineffective or having
more side-effects than ordinary. They can also work together the other method round, with the opposite
medication affecting the corticosteroid. When the dose is decreased gradually, the body progressively resumes its natural production of steroids and the
withdrawal signs don't occur.
Alternatively, there is a non-live shingles vaccine (Shingrix) that you
just may be able to have as a substitute. Steroid therapy can stop the
physique producing pure hormones, which could be dangerous should
you get sick, have an accident or need an operation. Keeping the cardboard with you will assist some other
physician who treats you to handle your care accurately.
The particular person treating you'll make sure you’re on the bottom potential dose to keep your condition underneath control.
You might also be given a drug referred to as a proton pump inhibitor or another medication to guard your abdomen. If you
have systemic sclerosis, prednisolone may cause issues together with your kidneys at sure doses, so that you might not be capable of take this kind of
steroid. Often irritation is the body’s pure response to an infection or
micro organism.

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